Morphology of Pyrus 

 There are around 3,000 species in the Rosaceae family, including some of the most economically important fruit trees like cherry, apple, apricot, plum, pear, and peach. Pyrus species are deciduous, sometimes armed, and seldom semi-evergreen trees or bushes. The leaves are simple, petiolate, alternate, specify, edge serrate, and seldom lobed. The Pome is 2-5-celled with a cartilaginous endocarp, tenacious or caducous sepals, and succulent pulp rich in stone cells. The seeds are black or blackish brown-colored, seed coat cartilaginous; cotyledons planoconvex.

In literature, different experts have reported different Pyrus species. P. communis and P. pashia are just two species confirmed in the English Flora of India. 

Pyrus trees are 4-20m tall, umbrella-like or thin, straight in shape, and pyramidal in aspect. The genus is divided into four groups based on compound and morphological characters. The European, West-Asian Pears, the North African Pears, East Asian Pea Pears, and the larger fruited East Asian Pears.

Oriental and occidental pears

Oriental and occidental pears are two groups of the Pyrus family classified by their geographical distribution. Oriental pears are classified as woody pedicles, deciduous sepals, and sub-globose fruits confirmed from Japan to Hindu Kush Mountains mostly through the Himalayas, and Eastern Asia. Tenacious sepals, fruit pyriform, and chunky pedicels are the vital characteristics of Occidental Pears observed in Europe, Central Asia, North Africa, Afghanistan, Kashmir, and Iran.

1:PYRUS TREE PIC

2:PYRUS COMMUNIS PIC